FAME PRODUCTION FROM VEGETABLE OILS: A SUSTAINABLE BIOFUEL PATHWAY

Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing relevance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). These

Nanoparticles possess unique optical properties that have sparked widespread interest in their application for diverse technological domains. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a particular class of nanomaterials, exhibit the remarkable ability to convert near-infrared radiation into visible light. This phenomenon has opened vast possibilities in